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# Changelog
## 0.6.6 (2025-01-01)
This is a compatibility release that contains backported features from the `0.7.x` branch.
Once v0.7 is released, it will be the way forward for this project.
* Feature: Improve PHP 8.4+ support by avoiding implicitly nullable types.
(#114 by @clue)
* Improve test suite to run tests on latest PHP versions and report failed assertions.
(#113 by @clue)
## 0.6.5 (2022-09-16)
* Feature: Full support for PHP 8.1 and PHP 8.2 release.
(#91 by @SimonFrings and #99 by @WyriHaximus)
* Feature / Fix: Improve error reporting when custom error handler is used.
(#94 by @clue)
* Minor documentation improvements.
(#92 by @SimonFrings and #95 by @nhedger)
* Improve test suite, skip failing tests on bugged versions and fix legacy HHVM build.
(#96 and #98 by @clue and #93 by @SimonFrings)
## 0.6.4 (2021-10-12)
* Feature / Fix: Skip sigchild check if `phpinfo()` has been disabled.
(#89 by @clue)
* Fix: Fix detecting closed socket pipes on PHP 8.
(#90 by @clue)
## 0.6.3 (2021-07-11)
A major new feature release, see [**release announcement**](https://clue.engineering/2021/announcing-reactphp-default-loop).
* Feature: Simplify usage by supporting new [default loop](https://reactphp.org/event-loop/#loop).
(#87 by @clue)
```php
// old (still supported)
$process = new React\ChildProcess\Process($command);
$process->start($loop);
// new (using default loop)
$process = new React\ChildProcess\Process($command);
$process->start();
```
## 0.6.2 (2021-02-05)
* Feature: Support PHP 8 and add non-blocking I/O support on Windows with PHP 8.
(#85 by @clue)
* Minor documentation improvements.
(#78 by @WyriHaximus and #80 by @gdejong)
* Improve test suite and add `.gitattributes` to exclude dev files from exports.
Run tests on PHPUnit 9, switch to GitHub actions and clean up test suite.
(#75 by @reedy, #81 by @gdejong, #82 by @SimonFrings and #84 by @clue)
## 0.6.1 (2019-02-15)
* Feature / Fix: Improve error reporting when spawning child process fails.
(#73 by @clue)
## 0.6.0 (2019-01-14)
A major feature release with some minor API improvements!
This project now has limited Windows support and supports passing custom pipes
and file descriptors to the child process.
This update involves a few minor BC breaks. We've tried hard to avoid BC breaks
where possible and minimize impact otherwise. We expect that most consumers of
this package will actually not be affected by any BC breaks, see below for more
details.
* Feature / BC break: Support passing custom pipes and file descriptors to child process,
expose all standard I/O pipes in an array and remove unused Windows-only options.
(#62, #64 and #65 by @clue)
> BC note: The optional `$options` parameter in the `Process` constructor
has been removed and a new `$fds` parameter has been added instead. The
previous `$options` parameter was Windows-only, available options were not
documented or referenced anywhere else in this library, so its actual
impact is expected to be relatively small. See the documentation and the
following changelog entry if you're looking for Windows support.
* Feature: Support spawning child process on Windows without process I/O pipes.
(#67 by @clue)
* Feature / BC break: Improve sigchild compatibility and support explicit configuration.
(#63 by @clue)
```php
// advanced: not recommended by default
Process::setSigchildEnabled(true);
```
> BC note: The old public sigchild methods have been removed, but its
practical impact is believed to be relatively small due to the automatic detection.
* Improve performance by prefixing all global functions calls with \ to skip
the look up and resolve process and go straight to the global function.
(#68 by @WyriHaximus)
* Minor documentation improvements and docblock updates.
(#59 by @iamluc and #69 by @CharlotteDunois)
* Improve test suite to test against PHP7.2 and PHP 7.3, improve HHVM compatibility,
add forward compatibility with PHPUnit 7 and run tests on Windows via Travis CI.
(#66 and #71 by @clue)
## 0.5.2 (2018-01-18)
* Feature: Detect "exit" immediately if last process pipe is closed
(#58 by @clue)
This introduces a simple check to see if the program is already known to be
closed when the last process pipe is closed instead of relying on a periodic
timer. This simple change improves "exit" detection significantly for most
programs and does not cause a noticeable penalty for more advanced use cases.
* Fix forward compatibility with upcoming EventLoop releases
(#56 by @clue)
## 0.5.1 (2017-12-22)
* Fix: Update Stream dependency to work around SEGFAULT in legacy PHP < 5.4.28
and PHP < 5.5.12
(#50 and #52 by @clue)
* Improve test suite by simplifying test bootstrapping logic via Composer and
adding forward compatibility with PHPUnit 6
(#53, #54 and #55 by @clue)
## 0.5.0 (2017-08-15)
* Forward compatibility: react/event-loop 1.0 and 0.5, react/stream 0.7.2 and 1.0, and Événement 3.0
(#38 and #44 by @WyriHaximus, and #46 by @clue)
* Windows compatibility: Documentate that windows isn't supported in 0.5 unless used from within WSL
(#41 and #47 by @WyriHaximus)
* Documentation: Termination examples
(#42 by @clue)
* BC: Throw LogicException in Process instanciating when on Windows or when proc_open is missing (was `RuntimeException`)
(#49 by @mdrost)
## 0.4.3 (2017-03-14)
* Ease getting started by improving documentation and adding examples
(#33 and #34 by @clue)
* First class support for PHP 5.3 through PHP 7.1 and HHVM
(#29 by @clue and #32 by @WyriHaximus)
## 0.4.2 (2017-03-10)
* Feature: Forward compatibility with Stream v0.5
(#26 by @clue)
* Improve test suite by removing AppVeyor and adding PHPUnit to `require-dev`
(#27 and #28 by @clue)
## 0.4.1 (2016-08-01)
* Standalone component
* Test against PHP 7 and HHVM, report test coverage, AppVeyor tests
* Wait for stdout and stderr to close before watching for process exit
(#18 by @mbonneau)
## 0.4.0 (2014-02-02)
* Feature: Added ChildProcess to run async child processes within the event loop (@jmikola)

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The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2012 Christian Lück, Cees-Jan Kiewiet, Jan Sorgalla, Chris Boden, Igor Wiedler
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished
to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.

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# ChildProcess
[![CI status](https://github.com/reactphp/child-process/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/reactphp/child-process/actions)
[![installs on Packagist](https://img.shields.io/packagist/dt/react/child-process?color=blue&label=installs%20on%20Packagist)](https://packagist.org/packages/react/child-process)
Event-driven library for executing child processes with
[ReactPHP](https://reactphp.org/).
This library integrates [Program Execution](http://php.net/manual/en/book.exec.php)
with the [EventLoop](https://github.com/reactphp/event-loop).
Child processes launched may be signaled and will emit an
`exit` event upon termination.
Additionally, process I/O streams (i.e. STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR) are exposed
as [Streams](https://github.com/reactphp/stream).
**Table of contents**
* [Quickstart example](#quickstart-example)
* [Process](#process)
* [Stream Properties](#stream-properties)
* [Command](#command)
* [Termination](#termination)
* [Custom pipes](#custom-pipes)
* [Sigchild Compatibility](#sigchild-compatibility)
* [Windows Compatibility](#windows-compatibility)
* [Install](#install)
* [Tests](#tests)
* [License](#license)
## Quickstart example
```php
$process = new React\ChildProcess\Process('echo foo');
$process->start();
$process->stdout->on('data', function ($chunk) {
echo $chunk;
});
$process->on('exit', function($exitCode, $termSignal) {
echo 'Process exited with code ' . $exitCode . PHP_EOL;
});
```
See also the [examples](examples).
## Process
### Stream Properties
Once a process is started, its I/O streams will be constructed as instances of
`React\Stream\ReadableStreamInterface` and `React\Stream\WritableStreamInterface`.
Before `start()` is called, these properties are not set. Once a process terminates,
the streams will become closed but not unset.
Following common Unix conventions, this library will start each child process
with the three pipes matching the standard I/O streams as given below by default.
You can use the named references for common use cases or access these as an
array with all three pipes.
* `$stdin` or `$pipes[0]` is a `WritableStreamInterface`
* `$stdout` or `$pipes[1]` is a `ReadableStreamInterface`
* `$stderr` or `$pipes[2]` is a `ReadableStreamInterface`
Note that this default configuration may be overridden by explicitly passing
[custom pipes](#custom-pipes), in which case they may not be set or be assigned
different values. In particular, note that [Windows support](#windows-compatibility)
is limited in that it doesn't support non-blocking STDIO pipes. The `$pipes`
array will always contain references to all pipes as configured and the standard
I/O references will always be set to reference the pipes matching the above
conventions. See [custom pipes](#custom-pipes) for more details.
Because each of these implement the underlying
[`ReadableStreamInterface`](https://github.com/reactphp/stream#readablestreaminterface) or
[`WritableStreamInterface`](https://github.com/reactphp/stream#writablestreaminterface),
you can use any of their events and methods as usual:
```php
$process = new Process($command);
$process->start();
$process->stdout->on('data', function ($chunk) {
echo $chunk;
});
$process->stdout->on('end', function () {
echo 'ended';
});
$process->stdout->on('error', function (Exception $e) {
echo 'error: ' . $e->getMessage();
});
$process->stdout->on('close', function () {
echo 'closed';
});
$process->stdin->write($data);
$process->stdin->end($data = null);
// …
```
For more details, see the
[`ReadableStreamInterface`](https://github.com/reactphp/stream#readablestreaminterface) and
[`WritableStreamInterface`](https://github.com/reactphp/stream#writablestreaminterface).
### Command
The `Process` class allows you to pass any kind of command line string:
```php
$process = new Process('echo test');
$process->start();
```
The command line string usually consists of a whitespace-separated list with
your main executable bin and any number of arguments. Special care should be
taken to escape or quote any arguments, escpecially if you pass any user input
along. Likewise, keep in mind that especially on Windows, it is rather common to
have path names containing spaces and other special characters. If you want to
run a binary like this, you will have to ensure this is quoted as a single
argument using `escapeshellarg()` like this:
```php
$bin = 'C:\\Program files (x86)\\PHP\\php.exe';
$file = 'C:\\Users\\me\\Desktop\\Application\\main.php';
$process = new Process(escapeshellarg($bin) . ' ' . escapeshellarg($file));
$process->start();
```
By default, PHP will launch processes by wrapping the given command line string
in a `sh` command on Unix, so that the first example will actually execute
`sh -c echo test` under the hood on Unix. On Windows, it will not launch
processes by wrapping them in a shell.
This is a very useful feature because it does not only allow you to pass single
commands, but actually allows you to pass any kind of shell command line and
launch multiple sub-commands using command chains (with `&&`, `||`, `;` and
others) and allows you to redirect STDIO streams (with `2>&1` and family).
This can be used to pass complete command lines and receive the resulting STDIO
streams from the wrapping shell command like this:
```php
$process = new Process('echo run && demo || echo failed');
$process->start();
```
> Note that [Windows support](#windows-compatibility) is limited in that it
doesn't support STDIO streams at all and also that processes will not be run
in a wrapping shell by default. If you want to run a shell built-in function
such as `echo hello` or `sleep 10`, you may have to prefix your command line
with an explicit shell like `cmd /c echo hello`.
In other words, the underlying shell is responsible for managing this command
line and launching the individual sub-commands and connecting their STDIO
streams as appropriate.
This implies that the `Process` class will only receive the resulting STDIO
streams from the wrapping shell, which will thus contain the complete
input/output with no way to discern the input/output of single sub-commands.
If you want to discern the output of single sub-commands, you may want to
implement some higher-level protocol logic, such as printing an explicit
boundary between each sub-command like this:
```php
$process = new Process('cat first && echo --- && cat second');
$process->start();
```
As an alternative, considering launching one process at a time and listening on
its `exit` event to conditionally start the next process in the chain.
This will give you an opportunity to configure the subsequent process I/O streams:
```php
$first = new Process('cat first');
$first->start();
$first->on('exit', function () {
$second = new Process('cat second');
$second->start();
});
```
Keep in mind that PHP uses the shell wrapper for ALL command lines on Unix.
While this may seem reasonable for more complex command lines, this actually
also applies to running the most simple single command:
```php
$process = new Process('yes');
$process->start();
```
This will actually spawn a command hierarchy similar to this on Unix:
```
5480 … \_ php example.php
5481 … \_ sh -c yes
5482 … \_ yes
```
This means that trying to get the underlying process PID or sending signals
will actually target the wrapping shell, which may not be the desired result
in many cases.
If you do not want this wrapping shell process to show up, you can simply
prepend the command string with `exec` on Unix platforms, which will cause the
wrapping shell process to be replaced by our process:
```php
$process = new Process('exec yes');
$process->start();
```
This will show a resulting command hierarchy similar to this:
```
5480 … \_ php example.php
5481 … \_ yes
```
This means that trying to get the underlying process PID and sending signals
will now target the actual command as expected.
Note that in this case, the command line will not be run in a wrapping shell.
This implies that when using `exec`, there's no way to pass command lines such
as those containing command chains or redirected STDIO streams.
As a rule of thumb, most commands will likely run just fine with the wrapping
shell.
If you pass a complete command line (or are unsure), you SHOULD most likely keep
the wrapping shell.
If you're running on Unix and you want to pass an invidual command only, you MAY
want to consider prepending the command string with `exec` to avoid the wrapping shell.
### Termination
The `exit` event will be emitted whenever the process is no longer running.
Event listeners will receive the exit code and termination signal as two
arguments:
```php
$process = new Process('sleep 10');
$process->start();
$process->on('exit', function ($code, $term) {
if ($term === null) {
echo 'exit with code ' . $code . PHP_EOL;
} else {
echo 'terminated with signal ' . $term . PHP_EOL;
}
});
```
Note that `$code` is `null` if the process has terminated, but the exit
code could not be determined (for example
[sigchild compatibility](#sigchild-compatibility) was disabled).
Similarly, `$term` is `null` unless the process has terminated in response to
an uncaught signal sent to it.
This is not a limitation of this project, but actual how exit codes and signals
are exposed on POSIX systems, for more details see also
[here](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/99112/default-exit-code-when-process-is-terminated).
It's also worth noting that process termination depends on all file descriptors
being closed beforehand.
This means that all [process pipes](#stream-properties) will emit a `close`
event before the `exit` event and that no more `data` events will arrive after
the `exit` event.
Accordingly, if either of these pipes is in a paused state (`pause()` method
or internally due to a `pipe()` call), this detection may not trigger.
The `terminate(?int $signal = null): bool` method can be used to send the
process a signal (SIGTERM by default).
Depending on which signal you send to the process and whether it has a signal
handler registered, this can be used to either merely signal a process or even
forcefully terminate it.
```php
$process->terminate(SIGUSR1);
```
Keep the above section in mind if you want to forcefully terminate a process.
If your process spawn sub-processes or implicitly uses the
[wrapping shell mentioned above](#command), its file descriptors may be
inherited to child processes and terminating the main process may not
necessarily terminate the whole process tree.
It is highly suggested that you explicitly `close()` all process pipes
accordingly when terminating a process:
```php
$process = new Process('sleep 10');
$process->start();
Loop::addTimer(2.0, function () use ($process) {
foreach ($process->pipes as $pipe) {
$pipe->close();
}
$process->terminate();
});
```
For many simple programs these seamingly complicated steps can also be avoided
by prefixing the command line with `exec` to avoid the wrapping shell and its
inherited process pipes as [mentioned above](#command).
```php
$process = new Process('exec sleep 10');
$process->start();
Loop::addTimer(2.0, function () use ($process) {
$process->terminate();
});
```
Many command line programs also wait for data on `STDIN` and terminate cleanly
when this pipe is closed.
For example, the following can be used to "soft-close" a `cat` process:
```php
$process = new Process('cat');
$process->start();
Loop::addTimer(2.0, function () use ($process) {
$process->stdin->end();
});
```
While process pipes and termination may seem confusing to newcomers, the above
properties actually allow some fine grained control over process termination,
such as first trying a soft-close and then applying a force-close after a
timeout.
### Custom pipes
Following common Unix conventions, this library will start each child process
with the three pipes matching the standard I/O streams by default. For more
advanced use cases it may be useful to pass in custom pipes, such as explicitly
passing additional file descriptors (FDs) or overriding default process pipes.
Note that passing custom pipes is considered advanced usage and requires a
more in-depth understanding of Unix file descriptors and how they are inherited
to child processes and shared in multi-processing applications.
If you do not want to use the default standard I/O pipes, you can explicitly
pass an array containing the file descriptor specification to the constructor
like this:
```php
$fds = array(
// standard I/O pipes for stdin/stdout/stderr
0 => array('pipe', 'r'),
1 => array('pipe', 'w'),
2 => array('pipe', 'w'),
// example FDs for files or open resources
4 => array('file', '/dev/null', 'r'),
6 => fopen('log.txt','a'),
8 => STDERR,
// example FDs for sockets
10 => fsockopen('localhost', 8080),
12 => stream_socket_server('tcp://0.0.0.0:4711')
);
$process = new Process($cmd, null, null, $fds);
$process->start();
```
Unless your use case has special requirements that demand otherwise, you're
highly recommended to (at least) pass in the standard I/O pipes as given above.
The file descriptor specification accepts arguments in the exact same format
as the underlying [`proc_open()`](http://php.net/proc_open) function.
Once the process is started, the `$pipes` array will always contain references to
all pipes as configured and the standard I/O references will always be set to
reference the pipes matching common Unix conventions. This library supports any
number of pipes and additional file descriptors, but many common applications
being run as a child process will expect that the parent process properly
assigns these file descriptors.
### Sigchild Compatibility
Internally, this project uses a work-around to improve compatibility when PHP
has been compiled with the `--enable-sigchild` option. This should not affect most
installations as this configure option is not used by default and many
distributions (such as Debian and Ubuntu) are known to not use this by default.
Some installations that use [Oracle OCI8](http://php.net/manual/en/book.oci8.php)
may use this configure option to circumvent `defunct` processes.
When PHP has been compiled with the `--enable-sigchild` option, a child process'
exit code cannot be reliably determined via `proc_close()` or `proc_get_status()`.
To work around this, we execute the child process with an additional pipe and
use that to retrieve its exit code.
This work-around incurs some overhead, so we only trigger this when necessary
and when we detect that PHP has been compiled with the `--enable-sigchild` option.
Because PHP does not provide a way to reliably detect this option, we try to
inspect output of PHP's configure options from the `phpinfo()` function.
The static `setSigchildEnabled(bool $sigchild): void` method can be used to
explicitly enable or disable this behavior like this:
```php
// advanced: not recommended by default
Process::setSigchildEnabled(true);
```
Note that all processes instantiated after this method call will be affected.
If this work-around is disabled on an affected PHP installation, the `exit`
event may receive `null` instead of the actual exit code as described above.
Similarly, some distributions are known to omit the configure options from
`phpinfo()`, so automatic detection may fail to enable this work-around in some
cases. You may then enable this explicitly as given above.
**Note:** The original functionality was taken from Symfony's
[Process](https://github.com/symfony/process) compoment.
### Windows Compatibility
Due to platform constraints, this library provides only limited support for
spawning child processes on Windows. In particular, PHP does not allow accessing
standard I/O pipes on Windows without blocking. As such, this project will not
allow constructing a child process with the default process pipes and will
instead throw a `LogicException` on Windows by default:
```php
// throws LogicException on Windows
$process = new Process('ping example.com');
$process->start();
```
There are a number of alternatives and workarounds as detailed below if you want
to run a child process on Windows, each with its own set of pros and cons:
* As of PHP 8, you can start the child process with `socket` pair descriptors
in place of normal standard I/O pipes like this:
```php
$process = new Process(
'ping example.com',
null,
null,
[
['socket'],
['socket'],
['socket']
]
);
$process->start();
$process->stdout->on('data', function ($chunk) {
echo $chunk;
});
```
These `socket` pairs support non-blocking process I/O on any platform,
including Windows. However, not all programs accept stdio sockets.
* This package does work on
[`Windows Subsystem for Linux`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux)
(or WSL) without issues. When you are in control over how your application is
deployed, we recommend [installing WSL](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/commandline/wsl/install_guide)
when you want to run this package on Windows.
* If you only care about the exit code of a child process to check if its
execution was successful, you can use [custom pipes](#custom-pipes) to omit
any standard I/O pipes like this:
```php
$process = new Process('ping example.com', null, null, array());
$process->start();
$process->on('exit', function ($exitcode) {
echo 'exit with ' . $exitcode . PHP_EOL;
});
```
Similarly, this is also useful if your child process communicates over
sockets with remote servers or even your parent process using the
[Socket component](https://github.com/reactphp/socket). This is usually
considered the best alternative if you have control over how your child
process communicates with the parent process.
* If you only care about command output after the child process has been
executed, you can use [custom pipes](#custom-pipes) to configure file
handles to be passed to the child process instead of pipes like this:
```php
$process = new Process('ping example.com', null, null, array(
array('file', 'nul', 'r'),
$stdout = tmpfile(),
array('file', 'nul', 'w')
));
$process->start();
$process->on('exit', function ($exitcode) use ($stdout) {
echo 'exit with ' . $exitcode . PHP_EOL;
// rewind to start and then read full file (demo only, this is blocking).
// reading from shared file is only safe if you have some synchronization in place
// or after the child process has terminated.
rewind($stdout);
echo stream_get_contents($stdout);
fclose($stdout);
});
```
Note that this example uses `tmpfile()`/`fopen()` for illustration purposes only.
This should not be used in a truly async program because the filesystem is
inherently blocking and each call could potentially take several seconds.
See also the [Filesystem component](https://github.com/reactphp/filesystem) as an
alternative.
* If you want to access command output as it happens in a streaming fashion,
you can use redirection to spawn an additional process to forward your
standard I/O streams to a socket and use [custom pipes](#custom-pipes) to
omit any actual standard I/O pipes like this:
```php
$server = new React\Socket\Server('127.0.0.1:0');
$server->on('connection', function (React\Socket\ConnectionInterface $connection) {
$connection->on('data', function ($chunk) {
echo $chunk;
});
});
$command = 'ping example.com | foobar ' . escapeshellarg($server->getAddress());
$process = new Process($command, null, null, array());
$process->start();
$process->on('exit', function ($exitcode) use ($server) {
$server->close();
echo 'exit with ' . $exitcode . PHP_EOL;
});
```
Note how this will spawn another fictional `foobar` helper program to consume
the standard output from the actual child process. This is in fact similar
to the above recommendation of using socket connections in the child process,
but in this case does not require modification of the actual child process.
In this example, the fictional `foobar` helper program can be implemented by
simply consuming all data from standard input and forwarding it to a socket
connection like this:
```php
$socket = stream_socket_client($argv[1]);
do {
fwrite($socket, $data = fread(STDIN, 8192));
} while (isset($data[0]));
```
Accordingly, this example can also be run with plain PHP without having to
rely on any external helper program like this:
```php
$code = '$s=stream_socket_client($argv[1]);do{fwrite($s,$d=fread(STDIN, 8192));}while(isset($d[0]));';
$command = 'ping example.com | php -r ' . escapeshellarg($code) . ' ' . escapeshellarg($server->getAddress());
$process = new Process($command, null, null, array());
$process->start();
```
See also [example #23](examples/23-forward-socket.php).
Note that this is for illustration purposes only and you may want to implement
some proper error checks and/or socket verification in actual production use
if you do not want to risk other processes connecting to the server socket.
In this case, we suggest looking at the excellent
[createprocess-windows](https://github.com/cubiclesoft/createprocess-windows).
Additionally, note that the [command](#command) given to the `Process` will be
passed to the underlying Windows-API
([`CreateProcess`](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/api/processthreadsapi/nf-processthreadsapi-createprocessa))
as-is and the process will not be launched in a wrapping shell by default. In
particular, this means that shell built-in functions such as `echo hello` or
`sleep 10` may have to be prefixed with an explicit shell command like this:
```php
$process = new Process('cmd /c echo hello', null, null, $pipes);
$process->start();
```
## Install
The recommended way to install this library is [through Composer](https://getcomposer.org/).
[New to Composer?](https://getcomposer.org/doc/00-intro.md)
This will install the latest supported version:
```bash
composer require react/child-process:^0.6.6
```
See also the [CHANGELOG](CHANGELOG.md) for details about version upgrades.
This project aims to run on any platform and thus does not require any PHP
extensions and supports running on legacy PHP 5.3 through current PHP 8+ and HHVM.
It's *highly recommended to use the latest supported PHP version* for this project.
See above note for limited [Windows Compatibility](#windows-compatibility).
## Tests
To run the test suite, you first need to clone this repo and then install all
dependencies [through Composer](https://getcomposer.org/):
```bash
composer install
```
To run the test suite, go to the project root and run:
```bash
vendor/bin/phpunit
```
## License
MIT, see [LICENSE file](LICENSE).

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{
"name": "react/child-process",
"description": "Event-driven library for executing child processes with ReactPHP.",
"keywords": ["process", "event-driven", "ReactPHP"],
"license": "MIT",
"authors": [
{
"name": "Christian Lück",
"homepage": "https://clue.engineering/",
"email": "christian@clue.engineering"
},
{
"name": "Cees-Jan Kiewiet",
"homepage": "https://wyrihaximus.net/",
"email": "reactphp@ceesjankiewiet.nl"
},
{
"name": "Jan Sorgalla",
"homepage": "https://sorgalla.com/",
"email": "jsorgalla@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Chris Boden",
"homepage": "https://cboden.dev/",
"email": "cboden@gmail.com"
}
],
"require": {
"php": ">=5.3.0",
"evenement/evenement": "^3.0 || ^2.0 || ^1.0",
"react/event-loop": "^1.2",
"react/stream": "^1.4"
},
"require-dev": {
"phpunit/phpunit": "^9.6 || ^5.7 || ^4.8.36",
"react/socket": "^1.16",
"sebastian/environment": "^5.0 || ^3.0 || ^2.0 || ^1.0"
},
"autoload": {
"psr-4": {
"React\\ChildProcess\\": "src/"
}
},
"autoload-dev": {
"psr-4": {
"React\\Tests\\ChildProcess\\": "tests/"
}
}
}

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<?php
namespace React\ChildProcess;
use Evenement\EventEmitter;
use React\EventLoop\Loop;
use React\EventLoop\LoopInterface;
use React\Stream\ReadableResourceStream;
use React\Stream\ReadableStreamInterface;
use React\Stream\WritableResourceStream;
use React\Stream\WritableStreamInterface;
use React\Stream\DuplexResourceStream;
use React\Stream\DuplexStreamInterface;
/**
* Process component.
*
* This class borrows logic from Symfony's Process component for ensuring
* compatibility when PHP is compiled with the --enable-sigchild option.
*
* This class also implements the `EventEmitterInterface`
* which allows you to react to certain events:
*
* exit event:
* The `exit` event will be emitted whenever the process is no longer running.
* Event listeners will receive the exit code and termination signal as two
* arguments:
*
* ```php
* $process = new Process('sleep 10');
* $process->start();
*
* $process->on('exit', function ($code, $term) {
* if ($term === null) {
* echo 'exit with code ' . $code . PHP_EOL;
* } else {
* echo 'terminated with signal ' . $term . PHP_EOL;
* }
* });
* ```
*
* Note that `$code` is `null` if the process has terminated, but the exit
* code could not be determined (for example
* [sigchild compatibility](#sigchild-compatibility) was disabled).
* Similarly, `$term` is `null` unless the process has terminated in response to
* an uncaught signal sent to it.
* This is not a limitation of this project, but actual how exit codes and signals
* are exposed on POSIX systems, for more details see also
* [here](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/99112/default-exit-code-when-process-is-terminated).
*
* It's also worth noting that process termination depends on all file descriptors
* being closed beforehand.
* This means that all [process pipes](#stream-properties) will emit a `close`
* event before the `exit` event and that no more `data` events will arrive after
* the `exit` event.
* Accordingly, if either of these pipes is in a paused state (`pause()` method
* or internally due to a `pipe()` call), this detection may not trigger.
*/
class Process extends EventEmitter
{
/**
* @var WritableStreamInterface|null|DuplexStreamInterface|ReadableStreamInterface
*/
public $stdin;
/**
* @var ReadableStreamInterface|null|DuplexStreamInterface|WritableStreamInterface
*/
public $stdout;
/**
* @var ReadableStreamInterface|null|DuplexStreamInterface|WritableStreamInterface
*/
public $stderr;
/**
* Array with all process pipes (once started)
*
* Unless explicitly configured otherwise during construction, the following
* standard I/O pipes will be assigned by default:
* - 0: STDIN (`WritableStreamInterface`)
* - 1: STDOUT (`ReadableStreamInterface`)
* - 2: STDERR (`ReadableStreamInterface`)
*
* @var array<ReadableStreamInterface|WritableStreamInterface|DuplexStreamInterface>
*/
public $pipes = array();
private $cmd;
private $cwd;
private $env;
private $fds;
private $enhanceSigchildCompatibility;
private $sigchildPipe;
private $process;
private $status;
private $exitCode;
private $fallbackExitCode;
private $stopSignal;
private $termSignal;
private static $sigchild;
/**
* Constructor.
*
* @param string $cmd Command line to run
* @param null|string $cwd Current working directory or null to inherit
* @param null|array $env Environment variables or null to inherit
* @param null|array $fds File descriptors to allocate for this process (or null = default STDIO streams)
* @throws \LogicException On windows or when proc_open() is not installed
*/
public function __construct($cmd, $cwd = null, $env = null, $fds = null)
{
if ($env !== null && !\is_array($env)) { // manual type check to support legacy PHP < 7.1
throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Argument #3 ($env) expected null|array');
}
if ($fds !== null && !\is_array($fds)) { // manual type check to support legacy PHP < 7.1
throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Argument #4 ($fds) expected null|array');
}
if (!\function_exists('proc_open')) {
throw new \LogicException('The Process class relies on proc_open(), which is not available on your PHP installation.');
}
$this->cmd = $cmd;
$this->cwd = $cwd;
if (null !== $env) {
$this->env = array();
foreach ($env as $key => $value) {
$this->env[(binary) $key] = (binary) $value;
}
}
if ($fds === null) {
$fds = array(
array('pipe', 'r'), // stdin
array('pipe', 'w'), // stdout
array('pipe', 'w'), // stderr
);
}
if (\DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR === '\\') {
foreach ($fds as $fd) {
if (isset($fd[0]) && $fd[0] === 'pipe') {
throw new \LogicException('Process pipes are not supported on Windows due to their blocking nature on Windows');
}
}
}
$this->fds = $fds;
$this->enhanceSigchildCompatibility = self::isSigchildEnabled();
}
/**
* Start the process.
*
* After the process is started, the standard I/O streams will be constructed
* and available via public properties.
*
* This method takes an optional `LoopInterface|null $loop` parameter that can be used to
* pass the event loop instance to use for this process. You can use a `null` value
* here in order to use the [default loop](https://github.com/reactphp/event-loop#loop).
* This value SHOULD NOT be given unless you're sure you want to explicitly use a
* given event loop instance.
*
* @param ?LoopInterface $loop Loop interface for stream construction
* @param float $interval Interval to periodically monitor process state (seconds)
* @throws \RuntimeException If the process is already running or fails to start
*/
public function start($loop = null, $interval = 0.1)
{
if ($loop !== null && !$loop instanceof LoopInterface) { // manual type check to support legacy PHP < 7.1
throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Argument #1 ($loop) expected null|React\EventLoop\LoopInterface');
}
if ($this->isRunning()) {
throw new \RuntimeException('Process is already running');
}
$loop = $loop ?: Loop::get();
$cmd = $this->cmd;
$fdSpec = $this->fds;
$sigchild = null;
// Read exit code through fourth pipe to work around --enable-sigchild
if ($this->enhanceSigchildCompatibility) {
$fdSpec[] = array('pipe', 'w');
\end($fdSpec);
$sigchild = \key($fdSpec);
// make sure this is fourth or higher (do not mess with STDIO)
if ($sigchild < 3) {
$fdSpec[3] = $fdSpec[$sigchild];
unset($fdSpec[$sigchild]);
$sigchild = 3;
}
$cmd = \sprintf('(%s) ' . $sigchild . '>/dev/null; code=$?; echo $code >&' . $sigchild . '; exit $code', $cmd);
}
// on Windows, we do not launch the given command line in a shell (cmd.exe) by default and omit any error dialogs
// the cmd.exe shell can explicitly be given as part of the command as detailed in both documentation and tests
$options = array();
if (\DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR === '\\') {
$options['bypass_shell'] = true;
$options['suppress_errors'] = true;
}
$errstr = '';
\set_error_handler(function ($_, $error) use (&$errstr) {
// Match errstr from PHP's warning message.
// proc_open(/dev/does-not-exist): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory
$errstr = $error;
});
$pipes = array();
$this->process = @\proc_open($cmd, $fdSpec, $pipes, $this->cwd, $this->env, $options);
\restore_error_handler();
if (!\is_resource($this->process)) {
throw new \RuntimeException('Unable to launch a new process: ' . $errstr);
}
// count open process pipes and await close event for each to drain buffers before detecting exit
$that = $this;
$closeCount = 0;
$streamCloseHandler = function () use (&$closeCount, $loop, $interval, $that) {
$closeCount--;
if ($closeCount > 0) {
return;
}
// process already closed => report immediately
if (!$that->isRunning()) {
$that->close();
$that->emit('exit', array($that->getExitCode(), $that->getTermSignal()));
return;
}
// close not detected immediately => check regularly
$loop->addPeriodicTimer($interval, function ($timer) use ($that, $loop) {
if (!$that->isRunning()) {
$loop->cancelTimer($timer);
$that->close();
$that->emit('exit', array($that->getExitCode(), $that->getTermSignal()));
}
});
};
if ($sigchild !== null) {
$this->sigchildPipe = $pipes[$sigchild];
unset($pipes[$sigchild]);
}
foreach ($pipes as $n => $fd) {
// use open mode from stream meta data or fall back to pipe open mode for legacy HHVM
$meta = \stream_get_meta_data($fd);
$mode = $meta['mode'] === '' ? ($this->fds[$n][1] === 'r' ? 'w' : 'r') : $meta['mode'];
if ($mode === 'r+') {
$stream = new DuplexResourceStream($fd, $loop);
$stream->on('close', $streamCloseHandler);
$closeCount++;
} elseif ($mode === 'w') {
$stream = new WritableResourceStream($fd, $loop);
} else {
$stream = new ReadableResourceStream($fd, $loop);
$stream->on('close', $streamCloseHandler);
$closeCount++;
}
$this->pipes[$n] = $stream;
}
$this->stdin = isset($this->pipes[0]) ? $this->pipes[0] : null;
$this->stdout = isset($this->pipes[1]) ? $this->pipes[1] : null;
$this->stderr = isset($this->pipes[2]) ? $this->pipes[2] : null;
// immediately start checking for process exit when started without any I/O pipes
if (!$closeCount) {
$streamCloseHandler();
}
}
/**
* Close the process.
*
* This method should only be invoked via the periodic timer that monitors
* the process state.
*/
public function close()
{
if ($this->process === null) {
return;
}
foreach ($this->pipes as $pipe) {
$pipe->close();
}
if ($this->enhanceSigchildCompatibility) {
$this->pollExitCodePipe();
$this->closeExitCodePipe();
}
$exitCode = \proc_close($this->process);
$this->process = null;
if ($this->exitCode === null && $exitCode !== -1) {
$this->exitCode = $exitCode;
}
if ($this->exitCode === null && $this->status['exitcode'] !== -1) {
$this->exitCode = $this->status['exitcode'];
}
if ($this->exitCode === null && $this->fallbackExitCode !== null) {
$this->exitCode = $this->fallbackExitCode;
$this->fallbackExitCode = null;
}
}
/**
* Terminate the process with an optional signal.
*
* @param int $signal Optional signal (default: SIGTERM)
* @return bool Whether the signal was sent successfully
*/
public function terminate($signal = null)
{
if ($this->process === null) {
return false;
}
if ($signal !== null) {
return \proc_terminate($this->process, $signal);
}
return \proc_terminate($this->process);
}
/**
* Get the command string used to launch the process.
*
* @return string
*/
public function getCommand()
{
return $this->cmd;
}
/**
* Get the exit code returned by the process.
*
* This value is only meaningful if isRunning() has returned false. Null
* will be returned if the process is still running.
*
* Null may also be returned if the process has terminated, but the exit
* code could not be determined (e.g. sigchild compatibility was disabled).
*
* @return int|null
*/
public function getExitCode()
{
return $this->exitCode;
}
/**
* Get the process ID.
*
* @return int|null
*/
public function getPid()
{
$status = $this->getCachedStatus();
return $status !== null ? $status['pid'] : null;
}
/**
* Get the signal that caused the process to stop its execution.
*
* This value is only meaningful if isStopped() has returned true. Null will
* be returned if the process was never stopped.
*
* @return int|null
*/
public function getStopSignal()
{
return $this->stopSignal;
}
/**
* Get the signal that caused the process to terminate its execution.
*
* This value is only meaningful if isTerminated() has returned true. Null
* will be returned if the process was never terminated.
*
* @return int|null
*/
public function getTermSignal()
{
return $this->termSignal;
}
/**
* Return whether the process is still running.
*
* @return bool
*/
public function isRunning()
{
if ($this->process === null) {
return false;
}
$status = $this->getFreshStatus();
return $status !== null ? $status['running'] : false;
}
/**
* Return whether the process has been stopped by a signal.
*
* @return bool
*/
public function isStopped()
{
$status = $this->getFreshStatus();
return $status !== null ? $status['stopped'] : false;
}
/**
* Return whether the process has been terminated by an uncaught signal.
*
* @return bool
*/
public function isTerminated()
{
$status = $this->getFreshStatus();
return $status !== null ? $status['signaled'] : false;
}
/**
* Return whether PHP has been compiled with the '--enable-sigchild' option.
*
* @see \Symfony\Component\Process\Process::isSigchildEnabled()
* @return bool
*/
public final static function isSigchildEnabled()
{
if (null !== self::$sigchild) {
return self::$sigchild;
}
if (!\function_exists('phpinfo')) {
return self::$sigchild = false; // @codeCoverageIgnore
}
\ob_start();
\phpinfo(INFO_GENERAL);
return self::$sigchild = false !== \strpos(\ob_get_clean(), '--enable-sigchild');
}
/**
* Enable or disable sigchild compatibility mode.
*
* Sigchild compatibility mode is required to get the exit code and
* determine the success of a process when PHP has been compiled with
* the --enable-sigchild option.
*
* @param bool $sigchild
* @return void
*/
public final static function setSigchildEnabled($sigchild)
{
self::$sigchild = (bool) $sigchild;
}
/**
* Check the fourth pipe for an exit code.
*
* This should only be used if --enable-sigchild compatibility was enabled.
*/
private function pollExitCodePipe()
{
if ($this->sigchildPipe === null) {
return;
}
$r = array($this->sigchildPipe);
$w = $e = null;
$n = @\stream_select($r, $w, $e, 0);
if (1 !== $n) {
return;
}
$data = \fread($r[0], 8192);
if (\strlen($data) > 0) {
$this->fallbackExitCode = (int) $data;
}
}
/**
* Close the fourth pipe used to relay an exit code.
*
* This should only be used if --enable-sigchild compatibility was enabled.
*/
private function closeExitCodePipe()
{
if ($this->sigchildPipe === null) {
return;
}
\fclose($this->sigchildPipe);
$this->sigchildPipe = null;
}
/**
* Return the cached process status.
*
* @return array
*/
private function getCachedStatus()
{
if ($this->status === null) {
$this->updateStatus();
}
return $this->status;
}
/**
* Return the updated process status.
*
* @return array
*/
private function getFreshStatus()
{
$this->updateStatus();
return $this->status;
}
/**
* Update the process status, stop/term signals, and exit code.
*
* Stop/term signals are only updated if the process is currently stopped or
* signaled, respectively. Otherwise, signal values will remain as-is so the
* corresponding getter methods may be used at a later point in time.
*/
private function updateStatus()
{
if ($this->process === null) {
return;
}
$this->status = \proc_get_status($this->process);
if ($this->status === false) {
throw new \UnexpectedValueException('proc_get_status() failed');
}
if ($this->status['stopped']) {
$this->stopSignal = $this->status['stopsig'];
}
if ($this->status['signaled']) {
$this->termSignal = $this->status['termsig'];
}
if (!$this->status['running'] && -1 !== $this->status['exitcode']) {
$this->exitCode = $this->status['exitcode'];
}
}
}